Sleep matters: Neurodegeneration spectrum heterogeneity, combustion and friction ultrafine particles, industrial nanoparticle pollution, and sleep disorders-Denial is not an option.

Sustained exposures to ubiquitous outdoor/indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including combustion and friction ultrafine PM (UFPM) and industrial nanoparticles (NPs) starting in utero, are linked to early pediatric and young adulthood aberrant neural protein accumulation, including hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), beta-amyloid (Aß1 - 42), α-synuclein (α syn) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), hallmarks of Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). UFPM from anthropogenic and natural sources and NPs enter the brain through the nasal/olfactory pathway, lung, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, skin, and placental barriers. On a global scale, the most important sources of outdoor UFPM are motor traffic emissions. This study focuses on the neuropathology heterogeneity and overlap of AD, PD, FTLD, and ALS in older adults, their similarities with the neuropathology of young, highly exposed urbanites, and their strong link with sleep disorders. Critical information includes how this UFPM and NPs cross all biological barriers, interact with brain soluble proteins and key organelles, and result in the oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial stress, neuroinflammation, DNA damage, protein aggregation and misfolding, and faulty complex protein quality control. The brain toxicity of UFPM and NPs makes them powerful candidates for early development and progression of fatal common neurodegenerative diseases, all having sleep disturbances. A detailed residential history, proximity to high-traffic roads, occupational histories, exposures to high-emission sources (i.e., factories, burning pits, forest fires, and airports), indoor PM sources (tobacco, wood burning in winter, cooking fumes, and microplastics in house dust), and consumption of industrial NPs, along with neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric histories, are critical. Environmental pollution is a ubiquitous, early, and cumulative risk factor for neurodegeneration and sleep disorders. Prevention of deadly neurological diseases associated with air pollution should be a public health priority.

Fall Risk, Sleep Behavior, and Sleep-Related Movement Disorders in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution.

BACKGROUND: Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, amyloid-ß, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 pathology had been documented in 202/203 forensic autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City ≤40-year-olds with high exposures to ultrafine particulate matter and engineered nanoparticles. Cognition deficits, gait, equilibrium abnormalities, and MRI frontal, temporal, caudate, and cerebellar atrophy are documented in young adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify an association between falls, probable Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (pRBD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and insomnia in 2,466 Mexican, college-educated volunteers (32.5±12.4 years). METHODS: The anonymous, online study applied the pRBD and RLS Single-Questions and self-reported night-time sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and falls. RESULTS: Fall risk was strongly associated with pRBD and RLS. Subjects who fell at least once in the last year have an OR = 1.8137 [1.5352, 2.1426] of answering yes to pRBD and/or RLS questions, documented in 29% and 24% of volunteers, respectively. Subjects fell mostly outdoors (12:01 pm to 6:00 pm), 43% complained of early wake up hours, and 35% complained of sleep onset insomnia (EOI). EOI individuals have an OR of 2.5971 [2.1408, 3.1506] of answering yes to the RLS question. CONCLUSION: There is a robust association between falls, pRBD, and RLS, strongly suggesting misfolded proteinopathies involving critical brainstem arousal and motor hubs might play a crucial role. Nanoparticles are likely a significant risk for falls, sleep disorders, insomnia, and neurodegenerative lethal diseases, thus characterizing air particulate pollutants' chemical composition, emission sources, and cumulative exposure concentrations are strongly recommended.

TDP-43 CSF Concentrations Increase Exponentially with Age in Metropolitan Mexico City Young Urbanites Highly Exposed to PM2.5 and Ultrafine Particles and Historically Showing Alzheimer and Parkinson's Hallmarks. Brain TDP-43 Pathology in MMC Residents Is Associated with High Cisternal CSF TDP-43 Concentrations.

Environmental exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ultrafine particle matter (UFPM) are associated with overlapping Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) hallmark protein pathologies in young Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) urbanites. We measured CSF concentrations of TDP-43 in 194 urban residents, including 92 MMC children aged 10.2 ± 4.7 y exposed to PM2.5 levels above the USEPA annual standard and to high UFPM and 26 low pollution controls (11.5 ± 4.4 y); 43 MMC adults (42.3 ± 15.9 y) and 14 low pollution adult controls (33.1 ± 12.0 y); and 19 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients (52.4 ± 14.1 y). TDP-43 neuropathology and cisternal CSF data from 20 subjects­15 MMC (41.1 ± 18.9 y) and 5 low pollution controls (46 ± 16.01 y)­were included. CSF TDP-43 exponentially increased with age (p < 0.0001) and it was higher for MMC residents. TDP-43 cisternal CSF levels of 572 ± 208 pg/mL in 6/15 MMC autopsy cases forecasted TDP-43 in the olfactory bulb, medulla and pons, reticular formation and motor nuclei neurons. A 16 y old with TDP-43 cisternal levels of 1030 pg/mL exhibited TDP-43 pathology and all 15 MMC autopsy cases exhibited AD and PD hallmarks. Overlapping TDP-43, AD and PD pathologies start in childhood in urbanites with high exposures to PM2.5 and UFPM. Early, sustained exposures to PM air pollution represent a high risk for developing brains and MMC UFPM emissions sources ought to be clearly identified, regulated, monitored and controlled. Prevention of deadly neurologic diseases associated with air pollution ought to be a public health priority and preventive medicine is key.

Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein and TDP-43 Pathology, Stress and Sleep Behavior Disorders.

Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-τ), amyloid-ß peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic ≤40y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-τ is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502 urban college-educated adults, 29.3 ± 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and pRBD symptoms using the RBD Single-Question. Over 50% of the participants had IES-R scores ≥33 indicating probable PTSD. pRBD was identified in 22.6% of the participants across Mexico and 32.7% in MMC residents with PTSD. MMC subjects with PTSD had an OR 2.6218 [2.5348, 2.7117] of answering yes to the pRBD. PTSD and pRBD were more common in women. This study showed an association between PTSD and pRBD, strengthening the possibility of a connection with misfolded proteinopathies in young urbanites. We need to confirm the RBD diagnosis using an overnight polysomnogram. Mexican women are at high risk for stress and sleep disorders.

Sociodemographic and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Psychomotor Retardation in Infants under Two Years Old in Tabasco / Factores de riesgo sociodemográficos y maternos asociados al retraso psicomotor en infantes menores de dos años en Tabasco / Fatores de risco sociodemográficos e maternos associados ao atraso psicomotor em crianças menores de dois anos em Tabasco

Abstract Introduction: Adequate psychomotor development during the first years of life significantly impacts the growth of each infant, so the timely detection of risk factors that affect this development is of vital importance. The objective was to determine sociodemographic and maternal factors associated with the presentation of psychomotor retardation in infants under two years old who attended the Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial in Villahermosa (Tabasco, Mexico) in 2017. Materials and methods: An observational, retrospective study of cases and controls in infants under two years old. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire consisting of 45 questions, which included variables such as psychomotor retardation, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors, that used Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, with a significant correlation of p <.05 being accepted . Results: A low social class showed a significant relationship with psychomotor retardation (p =.000), while the presence of infections at a very young age in the newborn, a family history of psychomotor retardation, and a history of disease during pregnancy showed a value of p <.05. Conclusión: A low socioeconomic status, pregnancy-associated diseases such as malnutrition, high blood pressure, and traumatic accidents, as well as infectious diseases at birth were the main factors that conditioned psychomotor retardation.

Resumen Introducción: el adecuado desarrollo psicomotor en los primeros años de vida influye significativamente en el crecimiento de cada sujeto, por lo que la detección oportuna de factores de riesgo que lo afecten es de vital importancia. El objetivo fue determinar factores sociodemográficos y maternos asociados a la presentación del retraso psicomotor en infantes menores de dos años que acudieron al Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial en Villahermosa (Tabasco, México) en el 2017. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo de casos y controles en infantes menores de dos años. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario de 45 ítems, que incluyó variables como retraso psicomotor, factores de riesgo prenatales, perinatales y posnatales. Se emplearon las pruebas chi cuadrado de Pearson y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se aceptó una correlación significativa de p<0.05. Resultados: el estrato social bajo mostró una relación significativa con el retraso psicomotor (p = 0.000), así como la presencia de infecciones a una edad muy temprana en el recién nacido, el historial de antecedente familiar y el antecedente de enfermedad en el embarazo (p<0.05). Conclusión: un estatus socioeconómico bajo, enfermedades asociadas al embarazo como malnutrición, hipertensión arterial y accidentes traumáticos, además de las enfermedades infecciosas al nacer, fueron los principales factores que condicionaron el retraso psicomotor.

Resumo Introdução: o adequado desenvolvimento psicomotor nos primeiros anos de vida impacta significativamente no crescimento de cada sujeito, pelo que a detecção oportuna de fatores de risco que o afetem é de vital importância. O objetivo foi determinar fatores sociodemográficos e maternos associados à apresentação do atraso psicomotor em crianças menores de dois anos que acorrem ao Centro de Reabilitação e Educação Especial em Villahermosa (Tabasco, México) em 2017. Materiais e métodos: estudo observa-cional, retrospectivo de casos e controles em crianças menores de dois anos. A recolecção de dados se realizou mediante um questionário de 45 itens o qual incluiu variáveis como atraso psicomotor, fatores de risco pré-natais, perinatais, e pós-natais, empregando as provas qui-quadrado de Pearson, prova exata de Fisher. Se aceitou uma correlação significativa de p<.05. Resultados: o estrato social baixo mostrou relação significativa com o atraso psicomotor (p=.000); também a presença de infeções a uma idade muito precoce no recém-nascido, o historial de antecedente familiar e antecedente de doença na gravidez (p<.05). Conclusão: o status socioeconómico baixo, doenças associadas à gravidez como subnutrição, hipertensão arterial e acidentes traumáticos, para além das doenças infeciosas ao nascer, foram os principais fatores que condicionaram o atraso psicomotor.

Environmental Nanoparticles, SARS-CoV-2 Brain Involvement, and Potential Acceleration of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution.

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD, PD) have a pediatric and young adult onset in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC). The SARS-CoV-2 neurotropic RNA virus is triggering neurological complications and deep concern regarding acceleration of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes already in progress. This review, based on our MMC experience, will discuss two major issues: 1) why residents chronically exposed to air pollution are likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 systemic and brain effects and 2) why young people with AD and PD already in progress will accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Secondary mental consequences of social distancing and isolation, fear, financial insecurity, violence, poor health support, and lack of understanding of the complex crisis are expected in MMC residents infected or free of SARS-CoV-2. MMC residents with pre-SARS-CoV-2 accumulation of misfolded proteins diagnostic of AD and PD and metal-rich, magnetic nanoparticles damaging key neural organelles are an ideal host for neurotropic SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus invading the body through the same portals damaged by nanoparticles: nasal olfactory epithelium, the gastrointestinal tract, and the alveolar-capillary portal. We urgently need MMC multicenter retrospective-prospective neurological and psychiatric population follow-up and intervention strategies in place in case of acceleration of neurodegenerative processes, increased risk of suicide, and mental disease worsening. Identification of vulnerable populations and continuous effort to lower air pollution ought to be critical steps.

Gait and balance disturbances are common in young urbanites and associated with cognitive impairment. Air pollution and the historical development of Alzheimer's disease in the young.

To determine whether gait and balance dysfunction are present in young urbanites exposed to fine particular matter PM2.5 ≥ annual USEPA standard, we tested gait and balance with Tinetti and Berg tests in 575 clinically healthy subjects, age 21.0 ±â€¯5.7 y who were residents in Metropolitan Mexico City, Villahermosa and Reynosa. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was also applied to an independent cohort n:76, age 23.3 ±â€¯9.1 y. In the 575 cohort, 75.4% and 34.4% had abnormal total Tinetti and Berg scores and high risk of falls in 17.2% and 5.7% respectively. BMI impacted negatively Tinetti and Berg performance. Gait dysfunction worsen with age and males performed worse than females. Gait and balance dysfunction were associated with mild cognitive impairment MCI (19.73%) and dementia (55.26%) in 57/76 and 19 cognitively intact subjects had gait and balance dysfunction. Seventy-five percent of urbanites exposed to PM2.5 had gait and balance dysfunction. For MMC residents-with historical documented Alzheimer disease (AD) and CSF abnormalities, these findings suggest Alzheimer Continuum is in progress. Early development of a Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome ought to be considered in city dwellers with normal cognition and gait dysfunction. The AD research frame in PM2.5 exposed young urbanites should include gait and balance measurements. Multicity teens and young adult cohorts are warranted for quantitative gait and balance measurements and neuropsychological and brain imaging studies in high vs low PM2.5 exposures. Early identification of gait and balance impairment in young air pollution-exposed urbanites would facilitate multidisciplinary prevention efforts for modifying the course of AD.

Satisfacción del usuario por un trato digno en las Áreas de Terapia Ocupacional y Mecanoterapia del Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial del Estado de Tabasco / User satisfaction for a dignified treatment in the areas of occupational therapy and mechanotherapy of the Rehabilitation and Special Education Center of the State of Tabasco

Resumen Introducción La satisfacción del paciente ha surgido como un resultado crítico de la atención; por ello, profundizar en la opinión de los usuarios, sus necesidades y expectativas desde la perspectiva de la calidad percibida es de gran importancia. Objetivo Determinar el nivel de satisfacción del usuario por un trato digno en las Áreas de Terapia Ocupacional y Mecanoterapia del Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial del Estado de Tabasco. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y prospectivo a pacientes que acudieron al Área de Mecanoterapia y Terapia Ocupacional del Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial del Estado de Tabasco, en relación con la satisfacción y el trato digno recibido de los fisioterapeutas. El universo estuvo conformado por 280 pacientes; se optó por la fórmula para población finita por proporciones, obteniéndose una muestra de 122 usuarios; se implementó un cuestionario de 26 ítems. Se empleó la prueba ji-cuadrada (χ2) de Pearson, aceptándose una p ≤ 0.05. Resultados 81 eran mujeres (66.4%) y 41 hombres (33.6%), con edades de 36.3 ± 13.4 años. El 81.1% se sintió muy satisfecho con la atención recibida y un 76.2% con el tiempo de espera en las Áreas de Terapia Ocupacional y Mecanoterapia. Conclusión Los resultados fueron buenos, ya que 76.2% se encontraron satisfechos con el tiempo que esperaron para recibir la atención y un 81.1% con la atención recibida del fisioterapeuta; sólo el 69.7% consideró que el terapeuta le explicó en forma clara y entendible.

Abstract Introduction Patient satisfaction has emerged as a critical result of care; therefore, focusing on the opinion of users, their needs and expectations from the perspective of perceived quality is of great importance. Objective To determine the level of satisfaction of the user from a dignified treatment in the areas of occupational therapy and mechanotherapy of the Center of Rehabilitation and Special Education of the State of Tabasco. Material and methods An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out on patients who came to the area of mechanotherapy and occupational therapy at the Center for Rehabilitation and Special Education of the State of Tabasco, in relation to the satisfaction and dignified treatment received from physiotherapists. The universe consisted of 280 patients; the formula for finite population by proportions was chosen, obtaining a sample of 122 users; a questionnaire of 26 items was implemented. Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test was used, accepting a p ≤ 0.05. Results 81 were women (66.4%) and 41 were men (33.6%), with ages of 36.3 ± 13.4 years. 81.1% were very satisfied with the care received and 76.2% with the waiting time in the areas of Occupational Therapy and Mechanotherapy. Conclusion The results were good, as 76.2% were satisfied with the time they waited to receive care and 81.1% with the care received from the physiotherapist; only 69.7% considered that the therapist explained in a clear and understandable way.

Efecto del tratamiento Kinesio taping en el dolor cervical: un metaanálisis y revisión sistemática / The effect of Kinesio taping treatment on cervical pain: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Resumen Antecedentes Estudios previos han analizado los beneficios del Kinesio taping (KT) en pacientes con dolor de cuello. Sin embargo, las conclusiones de estas investigaciones han sido inconsistentes. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo aclarar la asociación entre los efectos del KT y el dolor de cuello a través de un metaanálisis. Material y métodos Se buscaron en las bases de datos PubMed y EBSCO todas las publicaciones sobre esta asociación. Se definieron criterios de inclusión para los estudios elegibles. Se realizaron dos análisis diferentes: 1) la relación entre el tratamiento con KT versus el tratamiento convencional; 2) la relación entre el tratamiento con KT versus el placebo de KT. Resultados Se analizaron 10 estudios para el análisis cuantitativo en los que participaron 233 pacientes usando el tratamiento de KT y 198 pacientes controles. Conclusión No se encontró asociación significativa del Kinesio taping en pacientes con dolor de cuello en ninguno de los dos subgrupos estudiados.

Abstract Background Previous studies have delved into the benefits of Kinesio taping (KT) in patients with neck pain. However, the conclusions of these researches have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the association between the effects of KT and neck pain through a meta-analysis. Material and methods The PubMed and EBSCO databases were retrieved to collect all publications regarding this association. Inclusion criteria were defined for the eligible studies. Two different analyses were carried out: 1) the comparison between KT and the conventional treatment; 2) the comparison between KT versus placebo KT. Results Ten studies were analyzed for quantitative analysis, involving 233 patients using KT treatment and 198 control patients. Conclusion No significant association was found between Kinesio taping in patients with neck pain in neither of the two subgroups studied.

Satisfacción de estudiantes de Medicina con un Hospital Simulado en Universidad del Valle de México / Medicine students satisfaction about a Simulated Hospital in del Valle de México University / Satisfaçâo dos estudantes de Medicina com um Hospital Simulado na Universidad del Valle de Mexico / Satisfaction d'étudiants en médecine concernant l'usage d'un simulateur d'hôpital

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el nivel Satisfacción de los alumnos de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud en relación al empleo del Hospital Simulado de la Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villahermosa. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en alumnos de primero y tercer semestre inscritos en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villahermosa, en Noviembre de 2015, mediante un cuestionario con un 0.773. Resultados: Se encuestó a 81 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Medicina, de los cuales 37 eran del género masculino (45.7 %), y 44 del género femenino (54.3 %), con edades en rango de 17 a 44 años de edad y una media de 19.54 ±3.47. El 72 % de la comunidad estudiantil de primero y tercer semestre de la Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villahermosa, se encontró muy satisfecho y satisfecho con el empleo de un Hospital simulado implementado para incentivar, crear y reforzar las habilidades y destrezas futuras a emplear en su vida profesional. Conclusión: Existe una adecuada respuesta Satisfacción de la comunidad estudiantil en el empleo de un Hospital Simulado.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the satisfaction level of the students of the School of Health Sciences in relation to the use of Simulated Hospital of the Del Valle de Mexico University, Campus Villahermosa. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, transversal and prospective study through a questionnaire with alfa cronbach 0.773 was conducted on students from the first and the third semester of Medicine of the Del Valle de Mexico University, Campus Villahermosa in November 2015. Results: 81 college students majoring in medicine were surveyed; 37 were male (45.7%) and 44 were female 54.3%, with ages ranging from 17 to 44 years old with a media of 19.54 ± 3.47. 72% of the student community from the first and third semester of the Del Valle de Mexico University, Campus Villahermosa. They were very pleased and satisfied with the use of a simulated Hospital implemented to encourage, create and reinforce skills and future skills to use in his professional life. Conclusions: There is an adequate satisfaction response from the student community in the use of a Simulated Hospital.

Resumo: Objectivo: Estadia é indispensável alunos. Determinar o nível de satisfação dos alunos da Escola de Ciências da Saúde em relação ao uso de Moot Hospital da Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villahermosa Materiais e métodos: Um estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e estudo prospectivo foi realizado em estudantes do primeiro e terceiro semestre se matriculou na Escola de Medicina da Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villahermosa em novembro 2015 por meio de um questionário com 0,773. Resultados: Eles examinaram 81 alunos da Licenciatura em medicina, dos quais 37 eram do sexo masculino (45,7%) e 44 do sexo feminino 54,3%, com idades variando de 17 a 44 anos com uma média de 19,54 ± 3,47. 72% da comunidade estudantil primeiro e terceiro semestre da Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villahermosa estava muito contente e satisfeito com o uso de um Hospital simulada implementadas para incentivar, criar e reforçar as competências e habilidades futuras para usar em sua vida profissional. Conclusão: Há uma satisfação resposta adequada da comunidade estudantil no uso de um Hospital Moot.

Résumé: Objectif: To determine the satisfaction level of the students of the School of Health Sciences in relation to the use of Simulated Hospital of the Del Valle de Mexico University, Campus Villahermosa. Matériel et méthodes: An observational, descriptive, transversal and prospective study through a questionnaire with alfa cronbach 0.773 was conducted on students from the first and the third semester of Medicine of the Del Valle de Mexico University, Campus Villahermosa in November 2015. Résultats: 81 college students majoring in medicine were surveyed; 37 were male (45.7%) and 44 were female 54.3%, with ages ranging from 17 to 44 years old with a media of 19.54 ± 3.47. 72% of the student community from the first and third semester of the Del Valle de Mexico University, Campus Villahermosa. They were very pleased and satisfied with the use of a simulated Hospital implemented to encourage, create and reinforce skills and future skills to use in his professional life.